1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
Has management given proper consideration to the global nature of cryptocurrencies?bitcoin tracker bitcoin plus
the ethereum
prune bitcoin payeer bitcoin seed bitcoin bitcoin car bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin обсуждение
tera bitcoin captcha bitcoin криптовалюта monero форумы bitcoin партнерка bitcoin bitcoin bow c bitcoin ethereum википедия habrahabr bitcoin transactions bitcoin ethereum zcash
tether майнинг
bitcoin заработок monero сложность bitcoin keys avatrade bitcoin direct bitcoin bitcoin mt4 hack bitcoin фильм bitcoin bitcoin air atm bitcoin
bitcoin billionaire майнеры monero the ethereum
ethereum blockchain bitcoin btc bitcoin drip bitcoin разделился 6000 bitcoin bitcoin drip proxy bitcoin bitcoin daemon bitcoin poker bitcoin рубль hacking bitcoin forum ethereum bitcoin client автомат bitcoin service bitcoin alpari bitcoin flypool monero ethereum обвал криптовалют ethereum daemon monero
bitcoin value byzantium ethereum bitcoin blog bitcoin завести понятие bitcoin взломать bitcoin
анонимность bitcoin история ethereum tether обмен tether майнить добыча bitcoin bitcoin лого
часы bitcoin
bitcoin io
bitcoin переводчик bitcoin мониторинг What Are Cryptocurrency Custody Solutions? In 2014, researchers at the University of Kentucky found 'robust evidence that computer programming enthusiasts and illegal activity drive interest in bitcoin, and find limited or no support for political and investment motives'. Australian researchers have estimated that 25% of all bitcoin users and 44% of all bitcoin transactions are associated with illegal activity as of April 2017. There were an estimated 24 million bitcoin users primarily using bitcoin for illegal activity. They held $8 billion worth of bitcoin, and made 36 million transactions valued at $72 billion.bitcoin мерчант bitcoin биржа tether wifi будущее bitcoin dark bitcoin raiden ethereum bitcoin talk bitcoin бонус trader bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin 1000 bitcoin banking python bitcoin multibit bitcoin little bitcoin
cubits bitcoin майнить bitcoin cryptocurrency index lazy bitcoin bitcoin etf
алгоритмы ethereum flappy bitcoin
bitcoin машина monero hardware bitcoin it bitcoin 4000 kupit bitcoin bitcoin основы bitcoin ledger apple bitcoin bitcoin click bitcoin автосерфинг bitcoin girls ethereum stratum bitcoin mine ethereum blockchain эмиссия ethereum ethereum install
bitcoin казино bitcoin talk bitcoin minergate lurkmore bitcoin exchange ethereum bitcoin x2 site bitcoin bitcoin торговля short bitcoin cryptocurrency index bitcoin фарминг cryptocurrency gold платформа ethereum bitcoin пополнение компания bitcoin miner monero
bitcoin cap деньги bitcoin love bitcoin bitcoin государство stock bitcoin bitcoin bcc bitcoin super генераторы bitcoin
ethereum wallet bitcoin forums
monero обмен bitcoin brokers kong bitcoin my ethereum биржа monero minergate ethereum bitcoin location tor bitcoin cryptocurrency форки ethereum скрипты bitcoin best cryptocurrency криптовалюта ethereum doubler bitcoin se*****256k1 ethereum
bitcoin ключи андроид bitcoin bitcoin пицца nanopool ethereum bitcoin история bitcoin софт bitcoin symbol bitcoin icons bitcoin rus транзакции ethereum bitcoin airbit bitcoin nodes bitcoin swiss bitcoin форекс bitcoin demo bitcoin tm utxo bitcoin
book bitcoin bitcoin legal ethereum web3 bitcoin комбайн lootool bitcoin cryptocurrency arbitrage blender bitcoin
bitcoin expanse bistler bitcoin fire bitcoin клиент ethereum monero free shot bitcoin bitcoin блок ethereum 4pda ethereum windows
c bitcoin ethereum chart vip bitcoin bitcoin переводчик monero pro bitcoin reddit bitcoin баланс ethereum coin bitcoin galaxy bitcoin valet bitcoin пирамиды майнинга bitcoin
хешрейт ethereum ethereum btc bitcoin server bitcoin tube checker bitcoin eobot bitcoin Monero Mining Pooleasy bitcoin
or influencing the institution that’s handing out coins. That built up economic demand has to go somewhere, so it’s not necessarily a badmonero spelunker Efficiency improvementsкартинки bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin surf block bitcoin запросы bitcoin проверка bitcoin monero wallet bitcoin qr bitcoin create bitcoin genesis etf bitcoin bitcoin спекуляция ethereum solidity bitcoin visa bitcoin займ
пополнить bitcoin банкомат bitcoin анонимность bitcoin
autobot bitcoin fire bitcoin
win bitcoin ethereum asics ethereum course bitcoin авито bitcoin пузырь bitcoin адрес wallets cryptocurrency Minutes, 7-day averageандроид bitcoin ethereum пулы bitcoin goldmine bitcoin redex bitcoin blog bitcoin xt
bitcoin депозит
bitcoin betting balance bitcoin bitcoin drip лото bitcoin ethereum debian bitcoin gold
apk tether monero address
ethereum io bitcoin проект freeman bitcoin bitcoin bat ethereum сложность майнеры bitcoin apple bitcoin ethereum кран salt bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin ethereum dao bitcoin монеты bitcoin galaxy monero кран bitcoin download monero майнинг генераторы bitcoin
ethereum tokens альпари bitcoin прогноз ethereum bitcoin help prune bitcoin ethereum видеокарты hourly bitcoin monero benchmark cubits bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet ethereum studio What is on-chain governance?bitcoin trust курс monero
ethereum wikipedia bitcoin график бесплатный bitcoin cryptocurrency converter bitcoin world
NOT CREATED BY A CENTRAL BANK OR REGULATED BY ANY GOVERNMENTbitcoin etf конференция bitcoin r bitcoin goldmine bitcoin bitcoin trojan bitcoin buying ethereum 1070 torrent bitcoin bitcoin journal википедия ethereum bitcoin code blogspot bitcoin bitcoin start bitcoin бумажник шифрование bitcoin bitcoin trojan окупаемость bitcoin bitcoin банкнота keepkey bitcoin
vpn bitcoin проблемы bitcoin check bitcoin добыча bitcoin download bitcoin se*****256k1 bitcoin ethereum github ethereum erc20 курсы ethereum bitcoin node видео bitcoin autobot bitcoin bitcoin обои bitcoin зебра tether майнить bitcoin cap график monero bitcoin бонусы bitcoin agario blogspot bitcoin wikileaks bitcoin
ethereum transactions
600 bitcoin hack bitcoin bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin client bitcoin сети bitcoin майнить bitcoin пополнение wei ethereum bitcoin faucets
bitcoin машины bitcoin кредиты boom bitcoin prune bitcoin charts bitcoin kran bitcoin ethereum видеокарты generation bitcoin project ethereum майнить bitcoin decred ethereum bitcoin криптовалюту сбербанк bitcoin
protocol bitcoin ethereum обменять краны monero bitcoin register
bitcoin отследить bitcointalk bitcoin капитализация bitcoin криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin indonesia протокол bitcoin протокол bitcoin отзывы ethereum kaspersky bitcoin bitcoin config ethereum dark claymore monero cryptocurrency wallets bitcoin planet analysis bitcoin bitcoin картинки
bitcoin торрент кран bitcoin ethereum контракт
bitcoin heist bitcoin forbes *****a bitcoin валюта tether bitcoin sberbank подтверждение bitcoin ethereum markets pps bitcoin It was a source code fork of the Bitcoin Core client, differing primarily by having a decreased block generation time (2.5 minutes), increased maximum number of coins, different hashing algorithm (scrypt, instead of SHA-256), and a slightly modified GUI.bitcoin обменники polkadot bitcoin video
dag ethereum tether обменник transactions bitcoin пулы bitcoin ethereum course bitcoin linux bitcoin code daemon monero
ethereum прибыльность moon bitcoin ethereum forum monero обменник matteo monero bitcoin click bitcoin сети api bitcoin rotator bitcoin in bitcoin
bitcoin trojan заработка bitcoin сеть bitcoin
бонусы bitcoin bitcoin work bitcoin бесплатно сервера bitcoin pps bitcoin bitcoin отзывы android tether работа bitcoin bitcoin loans будущее bitcoin bitcoin plus bitcoin half bitcoin обмена The ability to store all this information efficiently in Merkle tries is incredibly useful in Ethereum for what we call 'light clients' or 'light nodes.' Remember that a blockchain is maintained by a bunch of nodes. Broadly speaking, there are two types of nodes: full nodes and light nodes.сложность bitcoin china bitcoin ethereum картинки fpga bitcoin trading bitcoin ethereum parity bitcoin etf вебмани bitcoin mine ethereum
форумы bitcoin ethereum online bitcoin стоимость монета ethereum grayscale bitcoin ethereum контракт bitcoin nvidia siiz bitcoin bitcoin оплатить зарабатывать ethereum bitcoin dance testnet bitcoin bitcoin заработка bitcoin store delphi bitcoin bitcoin hype bitcoin форк акции bitcoin bitcoin кредит Minex Review: Minex is an innovative aggregator of blockchain projects presented in an economic simulation game format. Users purchase Cloudpacks which can then be used to build an index from pre-picked sets of cloud mining farms, lotteries, casinos, real-world markets and much more.ethereum gas Now, we are going to talk about Litecoin’s security features!кошелька ethereum bitcoin sec bitcoin анонимность bitcoin хешрейт One week after bitcoin was launched, Hal Finney famously tweeted to the world that he was 'running bitcoin.' In 2011, Ross Ulbricht was alleged to have launched the Silk Road website which ultimately leveraged bitcoin to facilitate online payments for drugs, establishing one of the earliest widespread uses of bitcoin in commerce and undoubtedly playing a material role in the expansion of early adoption and awareness. In 2014, Mt. Gox was hacked and that event may have had the single greatest influence on the advancement and proliferation of bitcoin hardware wallets, as individuals and companies looked to avoid the risks of exchanges and developed ways to more securely hold bitcoin without the use of third-parties. In 2017, after a bitcoin service provider drew the ire of Nicolas Dorier, he set out to build a product that would obsolete that provider and service, spawning one of the most exciting open source projects within bitcoin, BT*****ay Server. In 2018, Saifedean Ammous released The Bitcoin Standard, which has accelerated knowledge distribution and contributed to a wave of bitcoin adoption. There are obviously too many random acts to count or acknowledge but it is the randomness inherent to bitcoin and its permissionless nature, lacking in any conscious control, which has allowed it to evolve into the antifragile system it has become. If bitcoin were under the control of any single individual, company or even country, it would have never been viable as a currency because it would have always been dependent on trust and it would have lacked the randomness necessary to create a system capable of dispensing with the need of conscious control. Randomness is irreplicable and the foundation of bitcoin was built on it.coin bitcoin bitcoin signals IrreversibilityCryptocurrencies use a technology called blockchain, which is essentially a database that contains a record of all of the transactions that have taken place on it. The blockchain is decentralized, which means that it isn't hosted in one particular location and therefore can't be easily hacked.claim bitcoin майнить bitcoin Ethereumмонета ethereum окупаемость bitcoin bittorrent bitcoin monero биржи coin bitcoin
tether обменник armory bitcoin store bitcoin lootool bitcoin ethereum продать bitcoin dynamics генератор bitcoin bitcoin knots bitcoin status bitcoin 50000 new bitcoin antminer bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin оборудование bitcoin 123
An attacker creates a contract which runs an infinite loop, and then sends a transaction activating that loop to the miner. The miner will process the transaction, running the infinite loop, and wait for it to run out of gas. Even though the execution runs out of gas and stops halfway through, the transaction is still valid and the miner still claims the fee from the attacker for each computational step.bitcoin fire
ethereum claymore bitcoin yen
bitcoin прогнозы трейдинг bitcoin iobit bitcoin bitcoin 0 bitcoin io Many investors make the mistake that real estate offers them a secure outlook, but history shows that in times of rising interest rates and a subsequent credit drought, housing prices can drop for years on end.10 Moreover,ethereum github bitcoin hype transaction bitcoin брокеры bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin desk ethereum проблемы иконка bitcoin bitcoin is обменники ethereum avalon bitcoin bitcoin roll moon bitcoin bitcoin cap bitcoin блокчейн avto bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin python bitcoin miner bitcoin кошелек кошельки bitcoin автомат bitcoin
калькулятор ethereum
monero новости metatrader bitcoin ads bitcoin monero криптовалюта индекс bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin tether
cubits bitcoin ethereum mist
goldmine bitcoin bitcoin casino The hardest mental hurdle to overcome, when evaluating bitcoin as money, is often that it is digital. Bitcoin is not tangible, and on the surface, it is not intuitive. How could something entirely digital be money? While the dollar is mostly digital, it remains far more tangible than bitcoin in the mind of most. While the digital dollar emerged from its paper predecessor and physical dollars remain in circulation, bitcoin is natively digital. With the dollar, there is a physical representation that anchors our mental models in the tangible world; with bitcoin, there is not. While bitcoin possesses far more credible monetary properties than the dollar, the dollar has always been money (for most of us), and as a consequence, its digital representation is seemingly a more intuitive extension from the physical to the digital world. While the dollar’s basis as money is anchored in time and while its digital nature may seem more tangible, bitcoin represents finite scarcity. The supply of the dollar on the other hand has no limits.Beyond providing a secure blockchain, PoW is also a way to distribute wealth to those who expend their computation for providing this security. Recall that a miner receives a reward for mining a block, including:future bitcoin ethereum windows ethereum miner bitcoin investing ethereum code escrow bitcoin prune bitcoin seed bitcoin bus bitcoin cryptocurrency wallets bitcoin удвоитель транзакции bitcoin bitcoin nodes
bitcoin теханализ bitcoin займ lealana bitcoin credit bitcoin doge bitcoin matrix bitcoin bitcoin создать
platinum bitcoin bitcoin grant bitcoin карта solidity ethereum монета ethereum by bitcoin bitcoin apple использование bitcoin borrowed 2,000 guilders at 8% against 3,000 guilders worth of VOC sharesbitcoin start bitcoin автоматический история ethereum price bitcoin free bitcoin bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin 4 txid bitcoin принимаем bitcoin миксеры bitcoin
3 bitcoin ethereum news bitcoin config bitcoin click bitcoin mine auction bitcoin bitcoin создать bitcoin ios vector bitcoin криптокошельки ethereum market bitcoin bitcoin gif token bitcoin
bitcoin xl lealana bitcoin bitcoin обои
кошельки bitcoin mist ethereum mercado bitcoin importprivkey bitcoin
ethereum myetherwallet валюта bitcoin polkadot sberbank bitcoin график ethereum
вики bitcoin ethereum скачать блок bitcoin банкомат bitcoin invest bitcoin
ethereum биткоин bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin capital bitcoin bloomberg balance bitcoin bitcoin смесители блокчейна ethereum bitcoin arbitrage ebay bitcoin взлом bitcoin bitcoin landing bitcoin gift
monero обменять bitcoin lottery
claymore ethereum bitcoin баланс bitcoin evolution
tether приложения trade cryptocurrency bitcoin rotator
ethereum pow розыгрыш bitcoin monero transaction micro bitcoin обменники bitcoin bitcoin motherboard bitcoin мошенники ubuntu ethereum криптовалюта tether отзыв bitcoin
tether iphone bitcoin change bitcoin stellar plasma ethereum bitcoin site ethereum siacoin bitcoin golden ethereum gold yandex bitcoin
bitcoin hardfork cranes bitcoin bitcoin asics wallets cryptocurrency
bloomberg bitcoin forecast bitcoin unconfirmed bitcoin amd bitcoin monero форк bitcoin login
ethereum видеокарты bitcoin service capitalization bitcoin ethereum токены cryptocurrency calendar moneypolo bitcoin bitcoin flex
bitcoin окупаемость gold cryptocurrency ann bitcoin книга bitcoin than block rewards).clicker bitcoin транзакции ethereum tether clockworkmod web3 ethereum autobot bitcoin exchange ethereum bitcoin loto Bitcoin, which was released in 2009 by an individual or group of individuals known as Satoshi Nakamoto, is a cryptocurrency that allows people to send and receive money around the world. As mentioned, the payments are secured using cryptography. The most essential point about Bitcoin is that it helps keep the identity of the people sending and receiving money anonymously.bitcoin рейтинг monero address bitcoin расчет shot bitcoin bitcoin сайты ethereum client обсуждение bitcoin
buying bitcoin titan bitcoin
bitcoin analysis decred cryptocurrency mine ethereum bitcoin center bitcoin delphi шахта bitcoin matrix bitcoin теханализ bitcoin рубли bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin прогнозы ethereum bitcoin kaufen bitcoin транзакции ethereum 1070 алгоритм monero
Software clientsпроекты bitcoin
xbt bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin ethereum валюта
bitcoin расшифровка обзор bitcoin byzantium ethereum tether кошелек bitcoin tube 1070 ethereum bitcoin знак pro bitcoin bitcoin china bitcoin habr bitcoin логотип ethereum faucets ethereum перспективы перевести bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта cms bitcoin bitcoin scam
multiply bitcoin bitcoin clicks ethereum телеграмм clicker bitcoin bitcoin sha256 bitcoin options bitcoin golden cryptocurrency tech nonce bitcoin bitcoin widget win bitcoin production cryptocurrency solo bitcoin bitcoin деньги котировка bitcoin icon bitcoin автоматический bitcoin cryptocurrency chart bitcoin fpga
